Thursday, May 21, 2020

Book Review - the Serving Leader - 1686 Words

Running Head: THE SERVING LEADER A Review of The Serving Leader: 5 Powerful Actions That Will Transform Your Team, Your Business and Your Community Review of The Serving Leader CITATION Jennings, K., Stahl-Wert, J. (2004). The Serving Leader: 5 Powerful Actions That Will Transform Your Team, Your Business and Your Community. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. MAJOR THESIS The book The Serving Leader, presents an alternative approach to leadership based on actions rather than theory. The dynamics of Serving Leadership are introduced using a narrative centered on an estranged son and his dying father. It is through the†¦show more content†¦Traditionally leaders take on the role of directing people. For example, Bohlander Snell (2013) state â€Å"achieving success increasingly depends on an organization’s ability to manage talent† (p. 4). On the contrary, a Serving Leader takes on an alternative approach to achieving success by supporting staff and personnel; it is through motivation and building upon individual successes that an organization is able to acquire total success. Basically leaders take the traditional top down approach and reverse it, which is where we get the first principle known as upending the pyramid. â€Å"By putting others first in this way, the Serving Leader is able to catalyze the creation of high per formance teams† (Jennings Stahl-Wert, 2004, p. 28). Because a Serving Leader is one that must be capable of reaching and connecting with many, selecting the first few to serve should be an extensive selection process, as the expectation is that those few will go on to serve many. Developing a recruitment and selection process with high standards is what will result in attaining personnel capable of amplifying excellence, which is the first step of the second principle, known as raising the bar. â€Å"Regardless of whether the company is large or small, hiring the best and brightest employees lays a strong foundation for excellence†Show MoreRelatedA Review of the Coldest War: a Memoir of Korea Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesA Review of The Coldest War: A Memoir of Korea â€Å"Men joined the Marine Corps for many reasons . . . I’d joined up to dodge the draft and ended up being sent to war† (Brady 8-9). This brief yet poignant statement begins the story of how James Brady ended up serving in the Korean War. As a young adult the draft was being reinstated and Brady did not feel the desire to fight in a war. He and a few of his friends decided instead to join the Platoon Leaders Class with the Marines, which had studentsRead MoreIt Worked For Me : Life And Leadership Review And Analysis1644 Words   |  7 Pages It Worked for Me: In Life and Leadership Review and Analysis Colin Luther Powell was born on April 5th 1937, In New York City. Powell’s was raised by his parents Luther Theophilus Powell and Maud Arial in the South Bronx. He attended Morris High School where he graduated in 1954. In 1958, he earned his Bachelor’s degree in geology from the City College in New York. While attending college Powell joined the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) in the military which he really liked. Upon graduationRead MoreManagement Styles Of Leadership Styles828 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Outline I. Introduction a. A key determinant in an organizational success is directly related with the management styles of leadership. According to Parris Peachey (2013), the key to understanding an organizations success is to study its leaders. A leader’s ability to inspire, motive, and create a strong sense of engagement and commitment to the organization will determine the success or failure in the attainment of goals. Transformational, charismatic, and servant leadershipRead MoreChief Executive Officer of State Farm Insurance936 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame the chairman and chief executive officer of State Farm Insurance Companies. Having been associated with the company his entire life, Rust was well rounded in the mutual insurer s corporate culture, which placed a great deal of emphasis on serving policyholders, who were the legal owners of the company, and avoiding spending money unnecessarily. However, despite a lifelong association with State Farm, Rust maintained that growing up in the Midwest and learning rural values provided a moralRead MoreBook Review1441 Words   |  6 PagesBOOK REVIEW COMPANY COMMAND THE BOTTOM LINE BY: JOHN G. MEYER,JR. IG ASSESSOR STUDENT OFFICER LT ABHISHEK SHARMA YO’S FD-1606 ‘B’ TP CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. About the author 3. About the book 4. Quality of presentation Read MoreCredibility : How Leaders Gain And Lose It, Why People Demand It1678 Words   |  7 PagesChumley Life Pacific College Credibility James Kouzes and Barry Posner wrote a leadership book entitled â€Å"Credibility: How leaders gain and lose it, why people demand it† (â€Å"Credibility†). It was written specifically for managers because, while academia had a wealth of research regarding credibility, little had been directed toward managers (Kouzes Posner, 2003, p. 276). The edition selected for review was published in 2003. The purpose of this paper is to examine the leadership theories it containsRead MoreLead Like Jesus By Ken Blanchard1209 Words   |  5 Pages you are taking on the role of a leader.† (pg.18) Leadership is an entire process of influence. It was easy to start reading this book with presuppositions that it would be another Sunday school lesson about Jesus being the one we need to ask for directions and how we are called to live like Him daily. What I was not expecting when I started this book was that I would self-evaluate myself in everyday situations and reflect on how I co uld better myself as a leader and lead others to the Lord throughRead MoreOne Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Essays874 Words   |  4 Pages The book I chose to do my book report on is One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. The book is about the most forceful indictments of political oppression in the Stalin era Soviet Union. It is a captiving story about the life in a Siberian labor camp, related to the point of view of Ivan Denisovich, a prisoner. It takes place in a span of one day, from dawn till dusk (pg. 111) . This book also describes his struggles and emotional stress that he must going through. This book explainsRead MoreThe On The New York Times983 Words   |  4 PagesMEMO House Republicans Dread a Possible Election Result: Bipartisanship Pregnant Women Anxious as Florida’s Zika Test Results Take Weeks CALIFORNIA TODAY California Today: Fighting Fire With Fire Mike Pence Is Rebuffed as He Tries to Rally G.O.P. Leaders Over ‘Deplorables’ Chelsea Manning Told She Can Have Gender Reassignment Surgery, Lawyer Says Play Video Obama Urges His Backers to Help Hillary Clinton and Ignore ‘Nonsense’ Details of Syria Pact Widen Rift Between John Kerry and Pentagon PlayRead MoreRetribution : The Battle For Japan1591 Words   |  7 Pagesgave his thoughts and understanding about the rights and wrongs of America’s strategies to outlast Japan (Kort, 2010). Hastings, known for his other books about military histories, was able to write a great book about the Pacific War in Retribution. How he narrated the land, sea, and air battles that happened between the US and Japan made reading the book like going into a time warp and getting a front row seat of what actually happened during that one year of struggle between the two nations. Including

Monday, May 18, 2020

Macro-Environmental Factors and Competitive Audit Free Essay Example, 2500 words

In regard to economic factors, the organization has been successful even in the current economic crisis. The UK presents a favorable market for the industry s products, and it does not suffer from unfavorable economic conditions. The company has established in the UK market and continues to open new stores in many parts of the UK. The sales have continued increasing and therefore there are no economic challenges that may hinder the organization s performance. Moreover, inflation has not been an issue for the organization even during the current financial crisis and therefore there is a possibility that when the nation recovers from the crisis, the business will even do better (Alice, 1998). Social factors are favorable for the organization s growth strategies. For example, the organization produces textile products for all ages in the population. The changing lifestyles present the organization with a stable market for its products, with people demanding more of the emerging designs , which make it more competitive in the textile market. The organization targets the social events that people regard as the most fashionable, where they offer the products (Stacy, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Macro-Environmental Factors and Competitive Audit or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page It has been capable of carrying out effective market research that has been significant in consumer satisfaction. Moreover, it is capable of reaching more consumers than it used to through the conventional means. The consumers can also request for products through the internet.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Octopus and Privacy Business Ethics - 2395 Words

Octopus and Privacy: Business Ethics Table of Content Introduction 3 The Objective 3 Research Methods 3 Background of the Company 3 Background of the Issue 5 Identification of Issue 7 Analysis of Issues 8 Recommendation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix 12 List of Reference 12 Introduction Hong Kong has one of the most highly successful e-purse programs, the Octopus card. The Octopus card, which began in the niche transportation industry and extended outward to retailers, has been widely adopted by consumers and a diverse number of merchants. More than 95 percent of Hong Kong’s residents aged 15 – 65 carry the card. The Objective Our purpose is to develop some insights by investigating the management issue of the Octopus card†¦show more content†¦According to the report from The Octopus Holdings Company, the executive management was found the potential commercial of selling the private information early. The Octopus chief executive officer mentioned that the company was investigating a plan with AIG and CIGNA, which is the insurance company, and they got the satisfied result. For example, AIG, 35 thousands card holders received the insurance planning which was six months free life insurance. Over 1500 of that card holders were paid for upgrade their insurances. After they upgraded their insurance, the premium charged to 1.6million dollars for one year. The Octopus Holdings Limited could have a quarter profits in 3 years. Another example of CIGNA, the profit was better than AIG. Over 1300 card holders were bought the CIGNA insurance, the premium was 7.5million dollars for one year, The Octopus Holding s Limited could attain 1.5million dollars in one year. Finally, they chose CIGNA for long term partnership of insurance. In 2004, The Octopus Holdings Limited was cooperated with CPP, which is an insurance company, for losing card promotion. The Octopus Limited was provided the private information of card holders to CPP, such as telephone number, email addressShow MoreRelatedThe Protection of Consumer Privacy in E-Business1062 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic business, commonly known as eBusiness or e-business ,is a business running on the Internet. Beside buying and selling, it also serves a much wider consumer base and collaborates with business partners. The term also has an accurate definition -interaction with business partners, where the interaction is enabled by information technology. When information technology has become more accessible, much cheaper and more powerful, E-business has become a new trend. Because of low runningRead MoreBusiness in Hong Kong Essay7716 Words   |  31 Pagesï » ¿ Global Business Cultural Analysis: Hong Kong Moultre Spencer BUSI 604-International Business August 16, 2013 Presented for Frank Romanoski Abstract Hong Kong is a country with a perspective on morals, values, and administrative ways which is a general reflection of the region of Asia which is based under Chinese rule. There are successes and failures with the process of change which are important. The effects of Hong Kong’s financial crisis can be a recovery with structuralRead More00002525 Develop A Media Plan4575 Words   |  19 Pageswater as you have a close encounter with 4 metre sharks, huge stingrays, turtles and hundreds of stunning fish. AQWA’s Perth Coast – Explore Perth’s amazing coastline of ancient reefs and sandy bays. Be mesmerised by moon jellyfish, discover an octopus and see how fish view the reef. AQWA’s far north coast – Explore one of the world’s most remote regions, home to dangerous marine animals and colourful tropical lagoons. Smile at a crocodile, see creatures up close and immerse yourself in beautifulRead MoreRobotic Surgery Essay example14445 Words   |  58 Pagesdue to inconvenience to parties (Dickens). If courts accept the jurisdiction, they may apply their own substantive legal rules, but may find that the rules of a conflicting jurisdiction should apply. Cross-border care should not change usual medical ethics, for instance on confidentiality, but may mitigate or aggravate migration of specialists (Dickens). Clinicians, health care managers, insurers and other professionals working with telemedicine all now recognize that the rights and expectations ofRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesStudent Work Assignments Case Study Teaching Notes 6 7 8 8 12 19 20 25 27 27 28 28 29 Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Introducing Strategy The Environment Strategic Capabilities Strategic Purpose Culture and Strategy Business Strategy Corporate Strategy and Diversification International Strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances Evaluating Strategies Strategy Development Processes Organising for Success Leadership and Strategic Change

The Role of the Artistic Director in a Theater Production

Artistic director: An artistic director is responsible for the artistic end of theater production. He or she is in charge of creating and executing the artistic vision of the play. The artistic director is considered to be a creative or interpretive artist as they interpret another person’s work. Production Meeting: A production meeting is when the music director, choreographer, set, light, sound, and costume designers meet with the artistic director to discuss and create the production concept. Dramaturg: The dramaturg goes out to different cities and reads plays. He or she also tries to locate translations of the play, writes articles on the play, and writes articles on dramaturgy. Development director: The development director is responsible for developing a plan for fundraising and he or she pays special attention to various sources of fundraising such as corporations. Mission statement: The mission statement serves to address the theater company’s purpose, values, and goals. The mission statement is written by the board of trustees and is then sent to the IRS in which it receives a status of 501[c] [3]. Technical director: A technical director handles the technological aspect of theater. This includes lights, sounds, and various equipment that is to be used for the play. He or she is part of the production concept and works with the set designer. Director’s concept: The director’s concept refers to what the play means to the director. This is based onShow MoreRelatedCultural Accessibility For The Deaf Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Theater has been used for both education and entertainment and has often been celebrated as a superior vehicle by which to transmit culture† (Ability). For a long time, the Deaf culture was oppressed, silenced, and ignored. Then along came then along came the National Theater for the Deaf, changing the way we talk about American Sign Language (ASL), and the way we look at members of the Deaf community. Ed Waterstreet, one of the founders of Deaf West Theatre, arrived in Los Angeles in the lateRead MoreThe General Impression Of Theatre939 Words   |  4 Pagesportrayals. That of actors reciting Shakespearian lines, dressed in stuffy costumes, and that of the tremendous musical performances given on the stages of Broadway. Neither interpretation incorporates the nuances of theatre, or of the uses of the art. Theater is not only a form of popular entertainment, but a vehicle of social change, a demonstration of what a playwright or artist might take issue with in a society, or a method of bringing together a community. One such work is Give Us Our Money Back,Read More Producerscareer Paper946 Words   |  4 Pageshire directors, principal members of the cast, and negotiate contracts with artistic personnel, often in accordance with collective bargaining agreement (â€Å"Actors, Directors, and Producers† 180). Together with the director, the producer also hires other members of the staff. A large staff includes several production assistants, associate producers, or assistant producers who are in charge of various parts of the production. These assistants help producers perform their task. During production, theRead MoreHollywood Writers And Directors Do Not Have Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pageswriters and directors do not have a social responsibility to avoid stereotyping ethnic characters A successful movie is decided by gross revenue of the movie. Most writers and directors base on the world s histories, the reality society, and the favorite people s style to make their successful movies. Indeed, the writers are responsible for writing the script. Once they have handed over the script that is pretty much the end of their creative involvement with the movie. The directors control filmRead MoreThe Metropolitan Oper A Vibrant Home For The Most Creative1869 Words   |  8 PagesThe Metropolitan Opera is â€Å"a vibrant home for the most creative and talented singers, conductors, composers, musicians, stage directors, designers, visual artists, choreographers, and dancers from around the world† (Annul Report 2009-2010). This nonprofit organization’s mission is majorly, according to its newest Form 990, to provide the performance of opera to public. As a nonprofit institution, it defined its vision as â€Å"sustaining, encouraging, and promoting musical ar t, and educating the generalRead MoreSpider M Turn Off The Dark3175 Words   |  13 PagesAfter a $75 million dollar investment, Spider-Man: Turn Off The Dark premiered in the summer of 2011 at Foxwoods Theater. By the time the curtains opened to reveal the highly controversial show, Spider-Man had become the most expensive theatrical production ever produced in the world. The show also opened to many negative reviews and infamous technical difficulties which included an actor falling over 20 feet into the orchestra pit. The budget, which was originally planned at $51 million dollarsRead MoreEssay on African theatre1586 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿West African Theater Shreyang Prajapati Intermediate Theatre Period 3 09/12/13 African theatre is composed of live performances in which the action are carefully planned to give a powerful sense of drama through large actions and it comes from sub-Saharan Africa. African theatre is influenced by African dramatic traditions and Western theatre. The influence of Western styles originates from European presence, European education , and the artists training outside of AfricaRead MoreI Am A Big Deal1150 Words   |  5 Pagesprogression. I have attended three of their Dido productions and must admit, this was not my favorite for a number of reasons. So, how does a company like Opera Atelier reinvent a period piece that was initially staged in the basement of an all girls school, at a time when the gods were a part of recent history, and music so boring it could send one to sleep? Perhaps it would be best to understand OA’s genetic makeup. The artistic directors are just as passionate about their company as theyRead MoreA Closer Look At The Period Between 1930 And 19411370 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical climate became more restrictive, as reflected in the decree against collectivist ideas in 1931 or the Gowhar Shad incident in 1935; the ruling oligarchy was exchanged, exemplified in Teymurtash’s dismissal in 1932 and the increasingly important role of the police (shahrbani) in controlling the public sphere; also, the state’s general attitude became more and more xenophobic. These trends and events had an equally strong impact on cultural life. Cultural mobility was not wanted in all aspectsRead MoreThe Role Of Leland Was Played Orson Welles Life Long Friend1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of Jedediah Leland was played Orson Welles’ life-long friend, Joseph Cotten, well-known as a stage, radio, television, and film actor. Beginning acting in the 1920s, Cotten later teamed up with Orson Welles at the Mercury Theater in the 1930s, where the collaboration would bring him stardom. Cotten’s acting style was intense, soft-spoken, and chivalrous with a trace of a Southern drawl mixed in. His height, combined with his wavy-haired looks, unconventional features made him perfect to

On the Size and Nature of the American Republic Free Essays

After the American Revolution, a great debate ensued over the size and nature of the proposed American Republic. There were those who stressed a small republic constituted by 13 confederated states. There were also political thinkers who sought the establishment of a large, heterogeneous republic (comprised of different classes of people with different interests). We will write a custom essay sample on On the Size and Nature of the American Republic or any similar topic only for you Order Now To differentiate the specifics of the two contending views, there is a need to examine two prominent American figures who represented the differing views. Brutus represented those who want to establish a small confederated republic. James Madison represented the other group. Brutus on the Size of the American Republic For Brutus, a free republic would be unsuccessful if it was of immense extent (both geographically and politically). The increasing number of inhabitants as well as the increasing needs of a large republic put strains on the government. The consequence for him was clear: such large republic would, in time, fall to anarchy. He cited the argument of baron de Montesquieu as the basis of his view: â€Å"It is natural to a republic to have a small territory, otherwise it cannot lone subsist. In a large republic there are men of large fortunes, and consequently of less moderation; there are trusts too great to be placed in any single subject; he has interest of his own; he soon begins to think that he may be happy, great and glorious, by oppressing his fellow citizens; and that he may raise himself to grandeur on the ruins of his country†. For Brutus, the establishment of a large republic inevitably results to the concentration of power and wealth to the hands of the few. Because moderation is more or less absent in these people, their power and wealth are used to oppress the people. As time progresses, the oppression becomes more and more manifested in the deteriorating conditions of the people. The republic will soon bow to the power of the ruling and oppressive class of citizens. In addition, because of the immense extent of the republic, the needs and demands (and dreams) of the people are lost in the myriads of a thousand interests. Some needs and views are sacrificed to the so-called â€Å"general will† which for Brutus was a vague concept. The negotiation of interests becomes a battle for power or authority. Those who occupy a significant position in government (or those who have contacts in the government) will have their views and interests magnified in the halls of the legislative branch. Thus, the true needs of the people are easily distorted. In addition, if the republic is small, the public good is easier taken into account by the government. It is easily comprehended by every citizen (subject to criticism). The interests, then, of the people are better protected because the abuses are of insignificant nature. Brutus cited the case of the Grecian and Roman republics as examples to strengthen his argument. In the beginning, these republics were of small size. Their governments were simple but democratic in form. Every need and view of citizens was taken into account, making governance a matter of citizen consent. In due time, however, these republics expanded their domains. Rome, for example, acquired territories from several wars against Carthage and some Asian kingdoms. The result was: their governments transformed from that of free government to those of tyrannical (and abusive) ones. Brutus on Authority The construction of a tyrannical government, with supreme authority vested on one person, would inevitably result to the destruction of the peoples’ authority. The people would not be able to exercise their rights and duties. They would not be able to force the government to account for its misdeeds. Public accountability would vanish; the person in power would project himself as an infallible leader, incapable of committing any mistakes while in office. Thus, the large republic would crumble. The remnants of democracy, made significant in democratic institutions, would vanish from history. The restoration of democracy, for Brutus, would be achieved through another bloody revolution, much greater in extent than the previous one. Brutus on Homogeneity With regard to homogeneity, in a free republic, â€Å"the manners, sentiments, and interests of the people should be similar†. If such was not the case, clashes would be unending. Antagonisms would develop among groups of people competing for power and wealth. This would inevitably result to the malfunctioning of the government. It would not be able to serve the people in its true capacity. The deadlock among competing groups would necessitate again the establishment of a despotic government, to which no citizen would proscribe to. Basis on Human Nature Thus, because the climate (social, political, and economic situation of states) of the United States was varied, there was a need to establish confederated states, governed by a nominal federal head of state. Here were the things that Brutus considered: 1) the interests of the states (correspondingly its people) were largely varied, 2) the customs and traditions of the states also varied, and 3) the states had differing opinions of the nature and extent of the proposed American republic. These considerations, for Brutus, were enough to justify the establishment of a small republic, for heterogeneous and discordant principles were clearly present. Brutus Fears on Some Provisions in the US Constitutions Brutus was well aware of some provisions in the US Constitutions which called for the establishment of a large republic. For example, the vesting of the power to draw and approve treaties on the president and the senate was an incursion to the rights of the states to determine foreign policies. The drawing of foreign policies of supra-legislative bodies was a characterization of legislative tyrannies (as in the case of France). The status of the president as commander in chief of the armed forces was also questioned by Brutus. If the president held the power to unquestionably command the army, then there was a high chance that he would use it to maintain his position. For Brutus, these powers of the â€Å"national government† were vestiges of tyrannical governments; governments established to preserve order to a large state. Madison on the Size of the American Republic Before Madison presented his arguments as to the proper size and nature of the American Republic, he drew a sharp distinction between a democracy and a republic. Democracy is a state governed by direct democracy; that is, the decisions of the government are directed by the people. Its actions are based on the needs and demands of the sovereign will of the citizens. Thus, every citizen is required to participate in the affairs of the state. Political participation is therefore maximized in democracies. A republic, on the other hand, is characterized by the delegation or representation of the will of the people to elected delegates. The election of delegates will allow the people to choose the person who can best discern the public good. In addition, a large republic will usually offer the citizens more choices, so there will be a greater chance for quality candidates to be chosen to represent the public. Thus, Madison favored the establishment of a large republic that would govern the 13 states. Madison’s Rejection of Homogeneity as the Basis of the Republic Madison rejected homogeneity as the basis for the establishment of a republic. According to him, even pure democracies like Athens became avenues of torment and clashes of opinion. A pure democracy, such as that proposed by Brutus was not a guarantee to the protection and advancement of citizens’ interests. He believed that homogeneity existed in a vacuum; that is, it was no guarantee that a general reduction in the extent of a state (population) would inevitably to the perfection and assimilation of beliefs, passions, and interests (Madison, 1787). Even in a small republic, passions and interest were highly varied. Thus, human nature could not be rearranged by arranging the political atmosphere to which a human being is situated. A state, small or large, would be comprised of citizens having different opinions, interests, and passions. Madison also discussed the nature of factions in a state. For Madison, factions destroy the liberty of the individual to participate in the affairs of the state. Factions retard the functioning of the government, thus inefficiently delivering services to the people. Factions could be disastrous if the majority belong to a faction (the tyranny of the majority). If the majority succumbed to the will of the unreasonable passions, then the state would become a tool of oppression of the minority. Even if the minority presented strong arguments (reasonable) of a particular policy and the majority refused to allow such policy to be implemented, then such policy would not be implemented. If this was the case of the state, then the government would be inefficiently and ineffectively ruled by an oppressive group of people. Madison’s Solution to the Problem of Factions Madison presented two solutions for the â€Å"factions† problem. The first solution was to destroy the conditions which were essential to the establishment of factions. The second solution was to give every citizen the same view, passions, and interests. For Madison, only the first solution was feasible. By establishment safety nets in governance (there were some provisions in the US constitution that guarantee the rights and interests of the minority), the effects of factionalism would be minimized (it would be impossible to totally eradicate factionalism in a diverse nation). These safety nets took the form of negotiated mediums; that is, avenues where interests could be aggregated. Madison as the First Pluralist Madison proposed the establishment of second-in-importance agencies to take note of the interests of the minority. Even in supra-legislative bodies like the House of Representatives and the Senate, Madison proposed the institutionalization of lobbying methods. The purpose of which was to give every citizen (or group of citizens) the chance to air their views and interests. For Madison, aggregation of interests was the key to maintaining a large heterogeneous republic. Thus, Madison was usually called the â€Å"first pluralist. † In recent years, however, the so-called interplay between federalist and anti-federalist perspectives was essentially rooted from the increasing powers of the â€Å"national government. † Some people wanted a less strong central government to effectively serve the needs of the citizens. There are those who argued that a strong central government is essential to procure the best services for the people. How to cite On the Size and Nature of the American Republic, Papers

On the Size and Nature of the American Republic Free Essays

After the American Revolution, a great debate ensued over the size and nature of the proposed American Republic. There were those who stressed a small republic constituted by 13 confederated states. There were also political thinkers who sought the establishment of a large, heterogeneous republic (comprised of different classes of people with different interests). We will write a custom essay sample on On the Size and Nature of the American Republic or any similar topic only for you Order Now To differentiate the specifics of the two contending views, there is a need to examine two prominent American figures who represented the differing views. Brutus represented those who want to establish a small confederated republic. James Madison represented the other group. Brutus on the Size of the American Republic For Brutus, a free republic would be unsuccessful if it was of immense extent (both geographically and politically). The increasing number of inhabitants as well as the increasing needs of a large republic put strains on the government. The consequence for him was clear: such large republic would, in time, fall to anarchy. He cited the argument of baron de Montesquieu as the basis of his view: â€Å"It is natural to a republic to have a small territory, otherwise it cannot lone subsist. In a large republic there are men of large fortunes, and consequently of less moderation; there are trusts too great to be placed in any single subject; he has interest of his own; he soon begins to think that he may be happy, great and glorious, by oppressing his fellow citizens; and that he may raise himself to grandeur on the ruins of his country†. For Brutus, the establishment of a large republic inevitably results to the concentration of power and wealth to the hands of the few. Because moderation is more or less absent in these people, their power and wealth are used to oppress the people. As time progresses, the oppression becomes more and more manifested in the deteriorating conditions of the people. The republic will soon bow to the power of the ruling and oppressive class of citizens. In addition, because of the immense extent of the republic, the needs and demands (and dreams) of the people are lost in the myriads of a thousand interests. Some needs and views are sacrificed to the so-called â€Å"general will† which for Brutus was a vague concept. The negotiation of interests becomes a battle for power or authority. Those who occupy a significant position in government (or those who have contacts in the government) will have their views and interests magnified in the halls of the legislative branch. Thus, the true needs of the people are easily distorted. In addition, if the republic is small, the public good is easier taken into account by the government. It is easily comprehended by every citizen (subject to criticism). The interests, then, of the people are better protected because the abuses are of insignificant nature. Brutus cited the case of the Grecian and Roman republics as examples to strengthen his argument. In the beginning, these republics were of small size. Their governments were simple but democratic in form. Every need and view of citizens was taken into account, making governance a matter of citizen consent. In due time, however, these republics expanded their domains. Rome, for example, acquired territories from several wars against Carthage and some Asian kingdoms. The result was: their governments transformed from that of free government to those of tyrannical (and abusive) ones. Brutus on Authority The construction of a tyrannical government, with supreme authority vested on one person, would inevitably result to the destruction of the peoples’ authority. The people would not be able to exercise their rights and duties. They would not be able to force the government to account for its misdeeds. Public accountability would vanish; the person in power would project himself as an infallible leader, incapable of committing any mistakes while in office. Thus, the large republic would crumble. The remnants of democracy, made significant in democratic institutions, would vanish from history. The restoration of democracy, for Brutus, would be achieved through another bloody revolution, much greater in extent than the previous one. Brutus on Homogeneity With regard to homogeneity, in a free republic, â€Å"the manners, sentiments, and interests of the people should be similar†. If such was not the case, clashes would be unending. Antagonisms would develop among groups of people competing for power and wealth. This would inevitably result to the malfunctioning of the government. It would not be able to serve the people in its true capacity. The deadlock among competing groups would necessitate again the establishment of a despotic government, to which no citizen would proscribe to. Basis on Human Nature Thus, because the climate (social, political, and economic situation of states) of the United States was varied, there was a need to establish confederated states, governed by a nominal federal head of state. Here were the things that Brutus considered: 1) the interests of the states (correspondingly its people) were largely varied, 2) the customs and traditions of the states also varied, and 3) the states had differing opinions of the nature and extent of the proposed American republic. These considerations, for Brutus, were enough to justify the establishment of a small republic, for heterogeneous and discordant principles were clearly present. Brutus Fears on Some Provisions in the US Constitutions Brutus was well aware of some provisions in the US Constitutions which called for the establishment of a large republic. For example, the vesting of the power to draw and approve treaties on the president and the senate was an incursion to the rights of the states to determine foreign policies. The drawing of foreign policies of supra-legislative bodies was a characterization of legislative tyrannies (as in the case of France). The status of the president as commander in chief of the armed forces was also questioned by Brutus. If the president held the power to unquestionably command the army, then there was a high chance that he would use it to maintain his position. For Brutus, these powers of the â€Å"national government† were vestiges of tyrannical governments; governments established to preserve order to a large state. Madison on the Size of the American Republic Before Madison presented his arguments as to the proper size and nature of the American Republic, he drew a sharp distinction between a democracy and a republic. Democracy is a state governed by direct democracy; that is, the decisions of the government are directed by the people. Its actions are based on the needs and demands of the sovereign will of the citizens. Thus, every citizen is required to participate in the affairs of the state. Political participation is therefore maximized in democracies. A republic, on the other hand, is characterized by the delegation or representation of the will of the people to elected delegates. The election of delegates will allow the people to choose the person who can best discern the public good. In addition, a large republic will usually offer the citizens more choices, so there will be a greater chance for quality candidates to be chosen to represent the public. Thus, Madison favored the establishment of a large republic that would govern the 13 states. Madison’s Rejection of Homogeneity as the Basis of the Republic Madison rejected homogeneity as the basis for the establishment of a republic. According to him, even pure democracies like Athens became avenues of torment and clashes of opinion. A pure democracy, such as that proposed by Brutus was not a guarantee to the protection and advancement of citizens’ interests. He believed that homogeneity existed in a vacuum; that is, it was no guarantee that a general reduction in the extent of a state (population) would inevitably to the perfection and assimilation of beliefs, passions, and interests (Madison, 1787). Even in a small republic, passions and interest were highly varied. Thus, human nature could not be rearranged by arranging the political atmosphere to which a human being is situated. A state, small or large, would be comprised of citizens having different opinions, interests, and passions. Madison also discussed the nature of factions in a state. For Madison, factions destroy the liberty of the individual to participate in the affairs of the state. Factions retard the functioning of the government, thus inefficiently delivering services to the people. Factions could be disastrous if the majority belong to a faction (the tyranny of the majority). If the majority succumbed to the will of the unreasonable passions, then the state would become a tool of oppression of the minority. Even if the minority presented strong arguments (reasonable) of a particular policy and the majority refused to allow such policy to be implemented, then such policy would not be implemented. If this was the case of the state, then the government would be inefficiently and ineffectively ruled by an oppressive group of people. Madison’s Solution to the Problem of Factions Madison presented two solutions for the â€Å"factions† problem. The first solution was to destroy the conditions which were essential to the establishment of factions. The second solution was to give every citizen the same view, passions, and interests. For Madison, only the first solution was feasible. By establishment safety nets in governance (there were some provisions in the US constitution that guarantee the rights and interests of the minority), the effects of factionalism would be minimized (it would be impossible to totally eradicate factionalism in a diverse nation). These safety nets took the form of negotiated mediums; that is, avenues where interests could be aggregated. Madison as the First Pluralist Madison proposed the establishment of second-in-importance agencies to take note of the interests of the minority. Even in supra-legislative bodies like the House of Representatives and the Senate, Madison proposed the institutionalization of lobbying methods. The purpose of which was to give every citizen (or group of citizens) the chance to air their views and interests. For Madison, aggregation of interests was the key to maintaining a large heterogeneous republic. Thus, Madison was usually called the â€Å"first pluralist. † In recent years, however, the so-called interplay between federalist and anti-federalist perspectives was essentially rooted from the increasing powers of the â€Å"national government. † Some people wanted a less strong central government to effectively serve the needs of the citizens. There are those who argued that a strong central government is essential to procure the best services for the people. How to cite On the Size and Nature of the American Republic, Papers

The Melting Pot Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

The Melting Pot Essay, Research Paper In the 1800? s and the early 1900? s, some people gave the America the name, the thaw pot. Peoples imagined this because 1000s and 1000s of immigrants coming from around the universe were coming into the United States in hope of a better life. So most people imagined that all these different civilizations were being poured into a elephantine pot called America, heated to a low furuncle and molded into one sort of individual. If one steps back and thinks about this theory, it isn? t wholly true. In fact, it? s non truly true at all. If one takes a closer expression at America today, one sees 1000000s of people labelled Americans but non by how they act, what religions they pattern and what sort of nutrients they eat but where they are born. entire antonyms. Now all Americans must be able to talk English, or at least bad English, and they must besides follow the Torahs set 4th by out four male parents, but no two Americans are likewise. We will write a custom essay sample on The Melting Pot Essay Research Paper In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Take San Francisco for illustration. Twenty old ages ago, it was the centre for the hippy motion, but merely down the street from Haight and Ashbury there is a topographic point called China Town. A pla Ce placed filled with Chinese Americans, stores and temples that could be easy mistaken for edifices merely found in China. In Ohio, one could run into a Caucasic husbandman, a African American man of affairs, an Amish household or even a newsman who has a strong German background all in the same twenty-four hours. So many different people populating together in one piece of land. Now, after taking a closer expression, no one truly melted together to do merely one sort of individual. But what did they make? One could state that the English adult male could be symbolized as boodle, Africans as black olives, Germans as radishes, Italians as tomatoes and so on and so forth doing a elephantine salad. All different sorts of fruits and veggies tossed together in a bowl to make one dish. Everything in close quarters of each other, but still separate and single. This is how America is structured. In decision, I believe that alternatively of utilizing the runing pot as Americas metaphor for the people of this state, we as a people should utilize the metaphor? The Salad Bowl? . This word accurately describes life in the United States of America much more than the word thaw pot.